Tuesday, April 26, 2011

Reference Visit to the Brockton Public Library

One of my assignments for my Reference class was to check out a large public library's Reference area.  Since I've recently moved back to my hometown of Brockton, MA., I thought I'd go check out the new library (they've had a fairly recent renovation and addition).  Brockton has a population of 93, 527 people.  When I walked into the library, I was amazed at how much has changed since I had been there!

 The first floor consisted of a generously sized children’s room with a soundproof door, giving the children the freedom to play and be loud without disturbing the rest of the library. There were also conference rooms, offices and a community bulletin board here advertising library programs and events like computer classes and English as a Second Language programs.

 The second floor contained the circulation area, and the circulating adult collection.  There was also a newspaper reading room and a gift shop of locally made items like jewelry and scarves.  The proceeds from the gift shop all go to the library.  On this level I noticed the gorgeous artwork that decorated the walls, marble floors and the scrolling wood banisters of the stairs leading to the third floor; the reference area.

The first thing I noticed as I entered the reference area was how bustling and alive with people it was.  The reference area had a huge sign hanging above it so you couldn’t miss the large desk where three staff members sat.  There were many computer stations.  The librarian would inform me later that there was a total of twenty three. 

The Reference Librarian of the Brockton Public Library is Lucia S., and she was very excited to hear I was attending Simmons as she was an alumna of Simmons.  She told me she had worked in the Brockton Public Library for thirty six years, and I could tell by her expertise of the materials as she showed me around excitedly.  First she took me to the two historical rooms, which house very old documents on the history of Brockton.  She opened cabinets and showed me archives of newspapers that went back to the 1850’s, original photographs of civil war veterans from Brockton, and even journals and writings from one of the first mayors in Brockton, William Lewis Douglas, who also served as governor of Massachusetts in 1904. 

 Lucia informed me that art, poetry and culture have always been a huge part of the Brockton Public Library and the library owns many pieces of fine art by famous artists like Albert Pinkham Ryder and William Merritt Chase.  The library also puts money in the budget every year toward the annual Art Smart contest where local high school students enter to win monetary prizes for their artwork

Lucia told me that the library serves a huge diversity of ethnic groups, especially Cape Verdean, Haitian, Spanish and African people.  One of the most popular programs they have at the library are conversation circles for learning English.   She also said they have a large population of homeless people who come in to use the computers to look for jobs.  The library partners with Mainspring House, a homeless shelter across the street, so that homeless people can get library cards. They have a delivery service that stops at the shelter every day to provide the homeless with books and other materials. 

 Lucia gave me a thorough tour of the library and the services they offer.  She even took me to her office! She was approachable, knowledgeable, and displayed excellent customer service skills.  While we walked around, people approached her to say hello and she responded warmly and always used the patron’s name.  I definitely got the impression she would be a great librarian to ask a personal reference question because she was approachable, non-judgmental and capable.  From my observations, Lucia demonstrated all of the ALA’s guidelines for behavior and service. She provided me with extensive information about the library, its services, patrons and history.  I could tell she uses a proactive approach  to reference service because of her interactions with many patrons during my visit. 

I loved the physical layout of the reference area, which was clearly marked and set up for maximum efficiency with two assistants at the desk to help with basic questions.  I think the Brockton Public Library is an excellent example of an information commons because the reference area provides patrons with superior service both virtual and physical for the betterment of the community and focuses on their specific needs. 

On my way out of the reference area I saw the library’s “Rules of Behavior” posted in the center of the room.  They are as follows: “No smoking, eating, drinking, intimidation, harassment or threatening.  Children must be supervised.  No loitering, sleeping or solicitation.  Shirt and shoes required.”  I think this statement sums up that the Brockton Public Library is an institution that provides an atmosphere of knowledge and learning in a respectful and safe environment for the whole community.  Lucia is a steward of these important values as she extends excellent reference service to the people of Brockton.

I will be a regular at my local library now that I have my new library card! If you live locally, be sure to check out this amazing city library!  In the meantime, take a look at the website for more info:
http://www.brocktonpubliclibrary.org/

Tuesday, April 19, 2011

Conflict Management

When we think of conflict in the workplace, we usually think of it negatively.  Did you know that conflict is good and actually necessary to strengthen relationships? For my management class I analyzed Leah Plocharcyk's article "On Organizational Conflict: Reaping the Benefits of Effective Conflict Management.” I couldn't believe how many types of organizational conflict occur in the workplace!.  The most common type of conflict is between two individuals.  I know we've all experienced this at some point in our careers, but the question is how do we deal with it? The first step is to identify the cause of conflict.  Is there a lack of communication? Conflicting orders? Unrealistic job expectations? Again, the focus here is on communication.  With good communication, conflict can be addressed and resolved much faster. 

Q: How do we improve communication?  
A: Increase employee participation and include employees in the decision making process.

There are two types of organizational conflict:
1.Constructive
2. Deconstructive

Constructive conflict is described as “well managed conflict which benefits an organization in meeting its goals by boosting productivity.”  It can provide positive attributes like:
-creativity
-flair
-talent
-skillfulness
-strength and ability

This type of conflict can give employees a better outlook and boost morale.  Destructive conflict adversely affects the organization.  This happens when conflict is not managed correctly or is ignored altogether. When conflict is ignored it is called "conflict avoidance" and low morale and tension follow suit. Managers can promote constructive conflict by recommending employees directly deal with conflict when it first arises rather than letting it build up and fester. 

Other causes of conflict that must be addressed are:
-issues with power
-competition for resources
-drive for independence

In order for managers to handle conflict they must know the stages. 
 Stages of conflict:
~latent conflict-no clearly recognized problem;conflict has not yet happened
~perceived conflict-conflict is there but only recognized by one person
~felt conflict-conflict is here and begins to affect at least one person
~manifest conflict-when there is a response to the conflict by an affected person who also makes the conflict known and felt by outsiders
~conflict resolution-when an effort is made to fix the problem
~conflict aftermath-when the conflict has ben resolved

Plocharczyk's 5 Conflict Management Styles 
1.Integrating-no clear answer;requires openness and willingness to accept new ideas
2.Obliging-a compromise of both parties-usually one gives in to the other
3.Dominating-best used when a quick resolution is needed, neither parties are consulted in this process
4.Avoiding-happens when one party doesn't recognize the conflict exists but it is causing conflict nonetheless
5.Compromising-usually happens between parties of the same status through seeking mutual resolution-this is the most effective type of conflict management because it benefits both sides
Plocharcyz talks about many different theories regarding conflict resolution.  My favorite:
Tjosvold’s Four Principles of Cooperative Conflict Theory
1.Recognizing and appreciating diversity
In order for cooperative conflict theory to be successful, there must be acceptance between staff members of different ideas, opinions and beliefs. 
2.Seeking mutual benefit among colleagues
This principle focuses on forming and strengthening relationships between employees to focus on common goals. 
3.Empowering employees and encouraging them to have a voice in their daily tasks
This can be done through communication.  Staff meetings are a good way to promote good communication and help employees feel comfortable expressing their ideas. 
4.To take stock of one’s employees in order to monitor how successful the organization is in handling conflict
This is done through feedback.  An example of this can be a job review where the employer and employee both provide feedback of job performance and issues. 
Plocharcyzk's Positive Benefits of Well-Managed Conflict
-increased problem awareness
-improved problem solving skill
-strengthened productivity-
-organizational change
-personal growth
-knowledge
-creativity 
Plocharczyk's 3 Steps of Conflict Management
 1.Pevention
Prevention will help employees through education to resolve conflict before it can grow.
2.Itervention
  Intervention is when conflict rises to the point where a supervisor becomes the mediator in order to influence a positive result of the conflict. 
3.Treatment
Teatment is where solutions such as counseling are proposed. 
 She emphasizes that good use of emotional intelligence is a key factor of conflict management.  “Emotional intelligence refers to managing emotions while effectively reading other’s actions.  Successful self-management will enable one to engage in healthier work relationships."
You now have all you need in order to address conflict management in a positive, healthy way!
Recommended Reading:
Daniel Goleman- Emotional Intelligence: 10th Anniversary Edition; Why It Can Matter More Than IQ
Leah Plocharcyk-"On Organizational Conflict: Reaping the Benefits of Effective Conflict Management.”
Dean Tjosvold-Learning to Manage Conflict: Getting People to Work Together Productively

Monday, April 11, 2011

Reader's Advisory

Did you know there are great tools out there for Reader's Advisory? One of the most common questions we get at the Circulation desk at the Ames Free Library is "Can you recommend a good book?" For some people this instills great fear! What if the patron doesn't like the book you recommend? There's so much pressure! Well, after talking about this subject in class, this will always be a risk the patron takes when asking for a recommendation.  Besides, there are so many great tools out there that can help librarians find the (almost) perfect book for the patron.  The first step is to ask the patron what they like.  This helps the librarian figure out what they're looking for.

Here are some great ways to help patrons find a good book:

1. Read, read, read! Personally, I keep my own list of authors that I've read over the years and I jot down the type of book, the style of writing and the subject matter.  This helps me recommend books I've read to patrons that may have similar taste.

2. Have a designated "Recommended Books" area.  At the AFL, we have a "Good Reads" section of books that the staff has read and recommends.  This way patrons can go right to that area and peruse the titles for something they might like.  Other libraries do this with books recommended by patrons as well.

3.  There are some great databases that libraries subscribe to like Novelist and What do I read next that can help patrons find similar authors to ones they like.  What do I read next even lets you pick from a list of award winners, librarian favorites, expert picks and bestsellers.  I like the "Who What Where When" search which allows you to choose the age or type of character, the subject, the setting and the time period.  So if a patron wants a book about a zoo keeper and the afterlife that takes place at the beach during the 100th century B.C., this is the place to go! What do I read next is available through the Ames Free Library's website with a library card.  There are also a variety of free websites available for Reader's Advisory.  Check these out:

allreaders.com
bookspot.com
earlyword.com
fictiondb.com
Fiction_L

Happy reading/recommending!

Monday, April 4, 2011

Answering Reference Questions

My last assignment for my Reference class was to answer ten reference questions without using Google.  This was a bit overwhelming, but it was a good way for me to get to know the Simmons databases that are available to me....and there are A LOT! There are many resources out there to answer all kinds of reference questions.  Some resources are better than others for specific types of questions.  The textbook for my reference class, Reference and Information Services in the 21st Century, has compiled a huge number of resources with a breakdown of what each one is good for.  Many of these resources are only available through subscriptions, but there are quite a few free options as well. Here is a quick overview of the types of reference questions and some of the free sites that are available to anyone looking for answers or doing research.

Types of Reference Questions:

Ready Reference- these types of questions have a single answer, i.e. who was the 22nd President of the U.S.?
Bibliographic Verification-finding a citation of a particular source.
Research-open-ended, no single factual answer.
Information and Referral Services- this includes ILL services, and referring patrons to other resources, such as the historical society, or even health professionals for health related questions.
Selective Dissemination of Information-this is when librarians continually compile research on a particular subject, i.e. results of case studies for doctors that are doing research on particular drugs.  These usually occur in academic libraries.

Free Sites to Help Answer Reference Questions:

Encyclopedia Resources
http://www.britannica.com/
www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/
www.encarta.msn.com/artcenter_/browse.html
www.encyclopedia.com/
http://www.wikipedia.com/
Tip: Be cautious using Wikipedia.  It's a great place to start , especially to check out the sources used to refer users to more trustworthy information, but keep in mind it can be edited by anyone.
Ready Reference
Dictionaries 
Events and Issues, Past and Present-Journal articles, full text and more
Health 
Law 
Business  
Geography  
People 
Government